Digital Mindset

Written on Thu, 28 June 2018

TL;DR

The 4 steps of innovation with Digital Mindset

1. Quantify the object into parameters
2. Measure the object with the parameters
3. Find insightful meaning from the measurements
4. Apply your insights

The Long Story

We all have been told that we are now living in the digital era. That we should have a digital mindset. Your boss comes to you and tells you that the company needs to digitise their product. Digital, digital, digital. What does that even mean?

What is digital?

Have you ever asked yourself this question? How do you even define it? Is it the smartphone you carry in your pocket? Is it that self-driving car that just sped past you? Is it that vending machine that refuses to dispense your favourite soda? Is it that facebook like button that you are monitoring?

We sort of know the difference between what's digital and what's not:

• Digital clock vs. Non-digital clock
• Cassette Tape vs. Compact Disc (CD)
• Film Strip vs. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)

But that still don't quite get the definition of Digital.

The Wiktionary explains that digital comes from the word digit, refering to our fingers and toes. We know in history that we used our fingers as a basis of counting up to ten. That's why globally, the number system we use is base10, from 0 to 9. In electronics, it uses base2 numbers, which is just 0 and 1. For computer scientists, they use the base16 numbers, from 0 to 9 and A to F. But whether we use base2, base10, or base16, doesn't matter. These number systems are representations of quantity.

Digit is the Representation of Quantity

What does it mean when we talk about changing something from analog to digital? One famous example is the conversion of analog sound to digital sound.

We know that sound waves are represented in a continuous wave form. This wave form can be stored in physical mediums like a phonograph record. So what did we do in order to digitise it? We measured the wave position at a specific moment of time. Let's say you measured the wave position once per second, you have a sampling rate of 1Hz. That isn't going to built a meaningful soundwave. But if you measured the wave position 44 100 times in a second, you will have a sampling rate of 44.1 kHz, which is the sampling rate of CD quality music. It is from this measurements you have taken that you build a meaningful soundwave. That's how you and I enjoy music today.

To Digitise is to Quantify

When we say that something is digital, it means that something is quantifiable. Nature is analog. We live in a analog world. In order to make sense of our world, we need it to be quantifiable, so that we can make measurements. That's why we have units like metres, inches, grams, pounds, dollars, seconds, minutes, hours, and so on. From this quantifiable units, we make our measurements. From these measurements, we make meaning out of it.

We, as humans, have come a long way to quantify the world. We quantify soundwaves, leading us to innovations like MP3. We quantify colour, leading to colourful screens like the one you are looking at now. We quantify electromagnetic waves, leading to phones, WiFi, and X-Ray machines.

When you can quantify, you can measure

If we are able to associate numbers to whatever is analog, we can make measurements. We measure in various ways. We have percentages, natural numbers, whole numbers, floating point numbers, logarithmic scales, matrices, and several others. We can also use a combination of them.

Percentages are suitable when there is known boundaries and expectations.

Natural numbers are suitable when we know that there are literal quantities of objects.

Floating point numbers, or commonly known as decimal numbers, are suitable when precision is required.

With great measurements, comes great meaning

Now that you know how to measure, you can find meaning in the measurements.

When you set percentages to the object, you already define the boundaries, or limitations, of the object in question. When the values of the object measurements are outside of 0 to 100, it is outside of intended range. Thus we associate percentage with what's normal, and what's not. We can also attach meaning to the values of the percentage, whether it is within normal range, or out of it.

Sometimes, we use percentage as a frame of reference. We use a more familiar object as the frame of reference to something less familiar. Like you weigh 16.5% on the moon. Despite not mentioning Earth, you know I'm referring to your weight on Earth. You need that reference because I'm betting that you haven't stepped on lunar soil.

Natural numbers are good to measure existence of objects at a moment of time. When you don't need to deal with the past or the future, you don't need to credits and debts. Specifically, you don't need negative numbers.

That's where whole numbers come in. Negative numbers means that you can have debt. You can subtract beyond the existing quantity.

But when precision is needed, floating numbers is your best friend. You can be as divisive as you want, only limited by what's humanly possible.

Knowing what type of quantity representation to use will give you the meaning you look for.

Applying meaning

Now that you have the meaning, apply it.

Let's try quantifying something that doesn't seem logical, and so analogous. Let's try to quantify emotion. It doesn't quite make any sense to say I'm feeling 50% emotion or 98% emotion. So let's take Robert Plutchik's 8 basic emotions. Now it would make more sense to say I'm feeling 10% fear, 50% trust, and 80% joy. We have made emotions quantifiable and measured it. At this percentages, you could probably guess I'm having an adventure with a trainer, thus the presence of fear, trust, and joy. If you're the trainer, I'm sure you have done a good job with making sure the adventure is joyous without too much fear. You probably want to work on gaining trust.

The Digital Era

Today in the tech world, we hear so many tech terms used. Where does each of these terms fall under in digital mindset?

Big Data

In today's cyberscape, we have a lot of data. A lot of data comes from how we use online services. Big companies, like Google, Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, have been collecting a lot of data on our way of life. So much so that our privacy is invaded, but that's a topic for another blog post.

There's a lot of data contributed by the internet of things. With the increasing computing power and lowering of prices, more and more of our everyday objects are equipped with sensors. These sensors then collect the data and sends it to the cloud for further processing. Your smartphone is one such object, with a Samsung Galaxy S7 edge having 8 sensors itself. We call these objects The Internet of Things.

All these data is possible simply because we have quantified many things in our world. With the costs of storage dropping, we can afford to store massive amounts of data.

Machine Learning

Machine learning has come a long way. Along with dropping storage costs, computational power has increased, and better and specialised machine learning algorithms have been created.

All of these have resulted in meaningful insights that would have taken humans an incredible long time to figure out. At the same time, it has allowed machines to do the things what was once possible only by a human.

Artificial Intelligence

With machines being able to do what we humans used to have an advantage over, and in some cases, better than what we can do, we are increasingly allowing this artificial intelligence to govern our lives. From all the data it has collected and the meaningful insights it can compute in an instant, we allowed artificial intelligence to drive our cars, tell us how sick we are, beat us in our own game, gamble till we're broke, be our oracle, compose melody, paint art, and be racists.

Final note

The digital mindset is a very useful innovation framework for start-ups to begin with and mature companies to transform.

If you are a start-up, having trouble coming up with a way to disrupt, try the digital mindset approach. There is already a lot of data generated and publicly available, like Google's public data. If there isn't the data you are looking for, try to collect that data. Then find meaning out of that data by running the data through machine learning. Then from the meaning, apply it in the society with a sustainable business model.

If you're in a mature company with the task to innovate, you probably have lots of data in the company to begin with. You can approach this by finding new meaning from the data, or automating the process that your fellow colleagues are already doing. From there, there are several ways to apply it, perhaps a new business model, a faster operational procedure, or an entirely new operation.

Whatever the case is, I look forward to something innovative from what you read here.

Setup Zimbra 8.8 on Ubuntu 16.04

Written on Thu, 12 April 2018

Optional Prerequisite: Install TCP BBR

TCP BBR is designed to counter traffic congestion. If your application frequently suffer from performance due to congestion, try TCP BBR.

Optional Prerequisite: Set up LVM

LVM is an excellent abstraction tool for storage. Highly recommended if you want to expand your storage needs in the future. Check out a related article on setting up infinite storage for web server but ignore the part on web server. Zimbra is commonly install on /opt/ so set the LVM to this folder.

Optional Prerequisite: Set up Swap Partition

Zimbra recommends a minimum of 8GB RAM. However, if you are faced with a situation where you do not have enough RAM and you can't just add more ram easily, you could use swap space partition or file.

Configure hostname

Edit /etc/hosts and add the following line:

10.0.0.168 mail.shurn.me mail

Change 10.0.0.168 to your ip address and the hostname to your hostname.

Edit /etc/hostname to this:

mail

Reboot your server and test that you see your hostname:

root@mail:~# hostname -f

mail.shurn.me

root@mail:~# hostname

mail

Install and Configure BIND DNS

Install bind9

root@mail:~# apt install bind9 bind9utils

Edit /etc/bind/named.conf.options, uncomment the forwarders, and add DNS server IP:

forwarders {

8.8.8.8; 8.8.4.4;

};

The DNS server is hosted by Google. Choose your own DNS server if you have a preference.

Add the following to /etc/bind/named.conf.local:

zone "shurn.me" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/db.shurn.me";

};

zone "0.0.10.in-addr.arpa" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/db.0.0.10";

};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {

type master;

file "/etc/bind/db.0.0.127";

};

Change 0.0.10 to the reverse of your first 3 octet of your IP address, and shurn.me to your top level domain name.

Create /etc/bind/db.shurn.me and add the following:

$TTL 604800

@ IN SOA mail.shurn.me. admin.shurn.me. (

20180217 ; Serial

604800 ; Refresh

86400 ; Retry

2419200 ; Expire

604800);Negative Cache TTL

;

@ IN NS mail

IN MX 10 mail

IN A 10.0.0.168

mail IN A 10.0.0.168

Change the domain and IP address accordingly.

Create /etc/bind/db.0.0.127 and add the following:

$TTL 3D

@ IN SOA mail.shurn.me. admin.shurn.me. (

2 ; Serial

8H ; Refresh

2H ; Retry

4W ; Expire

1D);Minimum TTL

NS mail.shurn.me

1 PTR localhost.

Change the domain accordingly

Create /etc/bind/db.0.0.10 and add the following:

$TTL 3D

@ IN SOA mail.shurn.me. admin.shurn.me. (

1 ; Serial

8H ; Refresh

2H ; Retry

4W ; Expire

1D);Minimum TTL

NS shurn.me.

10 PTR shurn.me.

Change the domain and IP address accordingly.

Restart bind service

root@mail:~# /etc/init.d/bind9 restart

[ ok ] Restarting bind9 (via systemctl): bind9.service.

Configure static IP address in /etc/network/interfaces:

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*.cfg

auto eth0

iface eth0 inet static

address 10.0.0.168

netmask 255.255.255.0

network 10.0.0.0

broadcast 10.0.0.255

gateway 10.0.0.1

dns-search shurn.me

dns-nameservers 10.0.0.168

Change the domain and IP address accordingly.

Edit /etc/resolvconf/resolve.conf.d/base to the following:

nameserver 10.0.0.168

search shurn.me

CHange the domain and IP address accordingly. Then regenerate resolve.conf with:

root@mail:~# resolvconf -u

Download and install Zimbra

Disable firewall first:

root@mail:~# service ufw stop

Download and install the latest stable version of Zimbra. At the time of writing, the latest version is 8.8.8.

root@mail:~# wget https://files.zimbra.com/downloads/8.8.8_GA/zcs-8.8.8_GA_2009.UBUNTU16_64.20180322150747.tgz

root@mail:~# tar xf zcs-8.8.8_GA_2009.UBUNTU16_64.20180322150747.tgz

root@mail:~# cd zcs-8.8.8_GA_2009.UBUNTU16_64.20180322150747

root@mail:~# ./install.sh

Read the instructions and answer accordingly to your requirements:

Do you agree with the terms of the software license agreement? [N] y

Use Zimbra's package repository [Y] y

Install zimbra-ldap [Y]

Install zimbra-logger [Y] y

Install zimbra-mta [Y] y

Install zimbra-dnscache [Y] n

Install zimbra-snmp [Y] y

Install zimbra-store [Y] y

Install zimbra-apache [Y] y

Install zimbra-spell [Y] y

Install zimbra-memcached [Y] y

Install zimbra-proxy [Y] y

Install zimbra-chat [Y] y

Install zimbra-drive [Y] y

Install zimbra-imapd (BETA - for evaluation only) [N] n

The system will be modified. Continue? [N] y

Change domain name? [Yes] Yes

Create domain: [mail.shurn.me] shurn.me

Select from menu, or press 'a' to apply config (? - help) a

Save configuration data to a file? [Yes] y

Save config in file: [/opt/zimbra/config.12345]

The system will be modified - continue? [No] y

Note: This is an abstract of the full installation details. You may experience different installation path.
Highly recommended to set the admin password. Notifying zimbra of your installation is entirely optional.

Go to your favourite browser and browse to your domain like ://mail.shurn.me:7071. Take note of the port 7071, which is the administive login. Without it, you will be presented with the mailbox login.

Send and receive a mail and see that it works.

Installing SSL Certificate

Follow the instructions here to install certbot for your system.

Follow the instructions here for the script to automate letsencrypt installation, except the following:

Location of sudoers.conf

On point 4, the configs/sudoers.conf is located at /opt/letsencrypt-zimbra/configs/sudoers.conf. So you should run the command like this:

root@mail:~# cp /opt/letsencrypt-zimbra/configs/sudoers.conf /etc/sudoers.d/zimbra_certbot

Zimbra restart might fail

The maintainer has taken note that there is a restart issue at the time of this writing. As such, you need to manually restart zimbra with:

root@mail:~# sudo -Hu zimbra /opt/zimbra/bin/zmcontrol restart

zmlogswatch does not start due to Date::Parse not installed

If zmlogswatch does not start, check /opt/zimbra/log/zmlogswatch.out and see if it reports any error related to Date::Parse and Swatchdog. If it does, you should proceed with the installation. Then attempt to restart zimbra again. Obtain the URL from Swatchdog here.

root@mail:~# apt install build-essential

root@mail:~# cpan

cpan[1]> install Date::Parse

cpan[2]> install Time::HiRes

cpan[3]> install Date::Calc

cpan[4]> install Date::Format

cpan[5]> install Date::Manip

cpan[6]> install File::Tail

cpan[7]> install Term::ANSIColor

cpan[8]> exit

root@mail:~# wget https://excellmedia.dl.sourceforge.net/project/swatch/swatchdog/swatchdog-3.2.4.tar.gz

root@mail:~# tar -zxvf swatchdog-3.2.4.tar.gz

root@mail:~# mv swatchdog-3.2.4 swatchdog

root@mail:~# cd swatchdog

root@mail:~# perl Makefile.PL

root@mail:~# make

root@mail:~# make test

root@mail:~# make install

root@mail:~# make realclean

root@mail:~# sudo -Hu zimbra /opt/zimbra/bin/zmcontrol restart

Renewing SSL Certificate

You may set up cron job to renew the certificate. Edit your cron job file with:

root@mail:~# crontab -e

Add the following:

12 12 * * * sudo -Hu zimbra /opt/letsencrypt-zimbra/obtain-and-deploy-letsencrypt-cert.sh

sudo -Hu zimbra /opt/zimbra/bin/zmcontrol restart

Installing Memcache on Ubuntu 16.04 for PHP

Written on Fri, 24 November 2017

Installing Memcache on Ubuntu 16.04 is a breeze. All you need are just the right commands and everything is installed.

apt install memcached php-memcached

After that, you just need to restart apache.

systemctl apache2 restart

That's it. You can verify that memcached is installed and working with phpinfo().

Sonarwhal - The best linting tool, so far

Written on Thu, 23 November 2017

I have been using Sonarwhal to check my website for errors for quite a while. This is quite a useful tool to get your website checked for best practises and errors.

So far, I have managed to clear out many issues raised by the online scanner provided free-of-charge. The downside of the scanner right now, is that I cannot set rules. Like I can't ignore certain domains that are not under my control, thus it reports their errors. The other downside I face is also a timeout between scans. I like to scan each time I make a site modification, which can be seconds apart. You can install this tool on your local premise to overcome these limitations.

Some of the errors and best practises I have done are like HSTS, PWA, and other security headers. It's a good tool to use. Give it a try for free.

All the hype about Note 8

Written on Mon, 11 September 2017

Seems like the world is getting so excited about the new Note 8 from Samsung. There is no shortage of Note 8 reviews. I'm not about to start doing one right now. I'll probably share about me and my wife's experience transiting to the new Note 8.

For me, I've been a long time Android user. Transiting it over from my previous Galaxy S6 Edge is a mere breeze. But my wife has been a long time iPhone 5S user. But you wouldn't believe me when I tell you that she picked up Android really fast. To be fair, she actually used the OPPO R9 model for about a month before she got her hands on Samsung Galaxy Note 8. Using OPPO R9 was already easy enough that when she landed her hands on Note 8, it was just another android to feast her eyes on.

That's her unboxing the phone. You can already tell how excited she is.

From the left, we have Galaxy S6 Edge, Galaxy Note 8, and Oppo R9. Clearly, Note 8 is the tallest of the 3, with R9 coming close.

But when it comes to screen real estate, the Note 8 is clearly the winner.

The data transfer from S6 Edge to Note 8 wasn't as smooth. To be fair, it isn't the fault of Android or Samsung. It's just that the apps ain't designed to transfer well with Smart Switch. The 160+ apps I have to restore through download from Google Play sure took a long time. Eventually, I am still able to smoothly transit to Note 8.

The transition from R9 to Note 8 had an extra hurdle. Smart link won't automatically install on R9. I had to download it from Google Play directly. I suspect it's because it runs on ColorOS, a variant of Android. Other than that, every other procedure is smooth.

If you're on budget, you might want to know that your purchase probably comes with a free phone case.

As expected, you should receive the fast charger. If you're using other phones that supports Qualcomm's Quick Charge, the fast charge should work too.

Now, this is arguably the accessory that stood out most. The ear piece by AKG is absolutely beautiful to listen to. The insulation is very good. I could actually hear more of the audio range than the previous ear piece provided by Samsung. Listening back to my old songs and noticing other instruments that I missed out previously is really eye opening.

I did not get to try out Dex Station much as I did not have a HDMI monitor available at this point of writing. Just one thing I noted, when I attempt to charge my phone with it, it wasn't on fast charge even though the charger supports it. And the phone case I was using interfered with the connection, that it could not fully plug into the Dex Station.

All in all, this is a very good device, as long as it doesn't explode.

Disclaimer: Even though all the photos in this blogpost is shot with Note8, the images have been edited and optimised for web by degrading it slightly, for faster download speeds.